電(dian)(dian)磁式電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)互感器與(yu)電(dian)(dian)容式電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)互感器的差(cha)異與(yu)特(te)征(zheng)，信任許多人都不是很清楚，現在就選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)35kv母線(xian)的電(dian)(dian)磁式電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)互感器與(yu)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)200kv母線(xian)的電(dian)(dian)容式電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)互感器做一個詳細的解說。

電(dian)磁式(shi)(shi)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)互(hu)感器(qi)，它與電(dian)力(li)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)相似。電(dian)磁式(shi)(shi)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)互(hu)感器(qi)工(gong)作原理的(de)(de)(de)特(te)征是(shi)：電(dian)磁式(shi)(shi)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)互(hu)感器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)直接并聯(lian)于一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)回(hui)路中，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)上的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)取決于一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)回(hui)路上的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，二次(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)與一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)無電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)耦(ou)合，是(shi)經(jing)過磁耦(ou)合。二次(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)通常接的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些外表、儀器(qi)及維護設備容量一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)均在幾十至幾百伏安，所(suo)以(yi)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)很小，而(er)且是(shi)恒定的(de)(de)(de)，所(suo)以(yi)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)互(hu)感器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)側可視為一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)源，根(gen)(gen)本(ben)不受二次(ci)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)影響。正(zheng)常運轉(zhuan)時(shi)，電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)互(hu)感器(qi)二次(ci)側由于負(fu)載(zai)(zai)較小，根(gen)(gen)本(ben)處于開路狀(zhuang)況，電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)互(hu)感器(qi)二次(ci)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)根(gen)(gen)本(ben)等于二次(ci)側感應電(dian)動勢取決于一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)系統電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。

電(dian)磁(ci)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)壓互感器的(de)分類方法許多，根據絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)介質可(ke)分為干(gan)式(shi)(shi)和油式(shi)(shi)；根據相數的(de)不同可(ke)分為單相、三(san)(san)相兩種；根據繞(rao)組(zu)的(de)多少可(ke)分為雙繞(rao)組(zu)、三(san)(san)繞(rao)組(zu)、四(si)繞(rao)組(zu)三(san)(san)種；按(an)其運(yun)轉(zhuan)承(cheng)受(shou)的(de)電(dian)壓不同，可(ke)分為半絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)和全絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)壓互感器等等。在實際運(yun)用中一(yi)般運(yun)用單相三(san)(san)繞(rao)組(zu)或(huo)四(si)繞(rao)組(zu)的(de)多。

若35kV母線電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)選用的(de)為單相澆注(zhu)絕緣的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)的(de)勵磁(ci)特(te)性(xing)為非(fei)線性(xing)特(te)性(xing)，在35kV的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統中性(xing)點偏移、瞬間電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧接(jie)地或(huo)進行倒(dao)閘操作的(de)激發(fa)下，都(dou)可能與電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統散布的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容構成鐵磁(ci)諧振，因而，選用的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)都(dou)選用了消(xiao)諧辦法。

跟著電(dian)力(li)系統(tong)輸電(dian)電(dian)壓的增高，電(dian)磁(ci)式(shi)電(dian)壓互(hu)感(gan)器的體積越(yue)來越(yue)大，本錢隨之增高，因而220kV電(dian)壓等(deng)級(ji)宜選用(yong)電(dian)容(rong)式(shi)電(dian)壓互(hu)感(gan)器。根(gen)據(ju)這一要求，我們(men)選用(yong)220kV母線電(dian)容(rong)式(shi)電(dian)壓互(hu)感(gan)器。

電容(rong)(rong)式(shi)的(de)全(quan)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)電容(rong)(rong)分(fen)壓式(shi)電壓互(hu)(hu)感器，工作原(yuan)理如圖(tu)1。在被測二(er)(er)次(ci)回路與(yu)大地間(jian)接(jie)有(you)電容(rong)(rong)組，電容(rong)(rong)組由C1和C2組成(cheng)，其(qi)間(jian)C2兩端并(bing)接(jie)電壓互(hu)(hu)感器二(er)(er)次(ci)負荷(he)Z2，L為(wei)(wei)(wei)補(bu)償(chang)電抗(kang)器，當(dang)電壓互(hu)(hu)感器空載(zai)運轉時(shi)U2=U0=C1&TImes;U1/（C1+C2）=ηTVU1。電壓U2與(yu)其(qi)一次(ci)電壓U1大小成(cheng)正(zheng)比，相(xiang)位相(xiang)同。當(dang)電壓互(hu)(hu)感器帶(dai)負荷(he)Z2時(shi)，圖(tu)2為(wei)(wei)(wei)等值電路圖(tu)，其(qi)間(jian)U0為(wei)(wei)(wei)空載(zai)電壓，jwL為(wei)(wei)(wei)補(bu)償(chang)電抗(kang)器的(de)阻抗(kang)，Z0為(wei)(wei)(wei)電壓互(hu)(hu)感器的(de)內(nei)阻抗(kang)Z0=1/jw（C1+C2），當(dang)jwL=Z0，即(ji)1/w（C1+C2）=wL時(shi)，Z0+jwL=0，U2=U0=ηTVU1，電壓互(hu)(hu)感器二(er)(er)次(ci)輸出電壓U2，與(yu)其(qi)一次(ci)側電壓U1大小成(cheng)正(zheng)比，相(xiang)位相(xiang)同。

與(yu)電(dian)磁式(shi)電(dian)壓互(hu)感(gan)器比(bi)較，電(dian)容式(shi)電(dian)壓互(hu)感(gan)器具有(you)以下特征：

1）除(chu)作為電(dian)壓互感器外，還可將其分電(dian)容(rong)，高頻(pin)載波通訊的耦合電(dian)容(rong)。

2）電(dian)容式電(dian)壓互感器的沖擊絕緣強度(du)比(bi)電(dian)磁式高。

3）體積(ji)小，重量(liang)輕，本錢低(di)，占地面積(ji)小。

4）誤差特(te)性和暫態特(te)性不(bu)如電磁式(shi)，且輸出容量小(xiao)。

電(dian)磁式(shi)與(yu)電(dian)容式(shi)電(dian)壓互感(gan)器的(de)首要差異(yi)

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)互(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)經(jing)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)應將一(yi)(yi)次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)按份額變(bian)(bian)換(huan)成(cheng)二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)互(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)，種(zhong)互(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)不(bu)附加其它改變(bian)(bian)一(yi)(yi)次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣元件如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)互(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)是(shi)由串(chuan)聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)抽(chou)取電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，再經(jing)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)作為表(biao)計、繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)維護(hu)等的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)源的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)互(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)互(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)還可(ke)以(yi)將載波頻(pin)率(lv)耦合(he)到輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)用(yong)于遠(yuan)程通(tong)訊、遠(yuan)方(fang)測量、選擇性的線(xian)路高頻(pin)維護(hu)、遙(yao)控、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳打字等。因而和慣例的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)互(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)比較，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)互(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)器(qi)除可(ke)防(fang)因電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)互(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)鐵(tie)芯飽(bao)滿引起鐵(tie)磁諧振(zhen)外。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)互(hu)(hu)感器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)首(shou)要由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容分(fen)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)(he)中(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組成(cheng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容分(fen)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)由瓷(ci)套(tao)和(he)(he)(he)裝在(zai)其間(jian)的(de)若干串聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組成(cheng)，瓷(ci)套(tao)內(nei)充溢堅持(chi)0.1MPa正壓(ya)(ya)的(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)油(you)，并用(yong)鋼(gang)制波紋管平衡不同環(huan)境以(yi)堅持(chi)油(you)壓(ya)(ya)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容分(fen)壓(ya)(ya)可用(yong)作(zuo)耦合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)銜(xian)接(jie)載(zai)(zai)波設(she)備(bei)(bei)。中(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)由裝在(zai)密(mi)封油(you)箱(xiang)內(nei)的(de)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，補償電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)(he)阻(zu)尼設(she)備(bei)(bei)組成(cheng)，油(you)箱(xiang)頂部(bu)的(de)空(kong)間(jian)充氮。一次(ci)繞組分(fen)為主(zhu)繞組和(he)(he)(he)微(wei)調繞組，一次(ci)側和(he)(he)(he)一次(ci)繞組間(jian)串聯一個低損耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)互(hu)(hu)感器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)非線(xian)性阻(zu)抗(kang)(kang)和(he)(he)(he)固有(you)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容有(you)時會在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)互(hu)(hu)感器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)引起鐵磁諧(xie)(xie)振(zhen)，因而用(yong)阻(zu)尼設(she)備(bei)(bei)按(an)捺諧(xie)(xie)振(zhen)，阻(zu)尼設(she)備(bei)(bei)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)和(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組成(cheng)，跨接(jie)在(zai)二次(ci)繞組上，正常情(qing)況下(xia)阻(zu)尼設(she)備(bei)(bei)有(you)很高的(de)阻(zu)抗(kang)(kang)，當鐵磁諧(xie)(xie)振(zhen)引起過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，在(zai)中(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)受到影響(xiang)前，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)已經飽滿(man)了只剩電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)負載(zai)(zai)，使(shi)振(zhen)蕩能量(liang)很快被下(xia)降。